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Force effect example: the demise of AOL

  Futuring AOL The demise of AOL in the 2000s is a great example of a company with a plan that had external forces derail its plan. In the 1990s, AOL, for many Americans, was the Internet. By the late 90s, AOL had 25 million subscribers (Sherman & Petrova, 2019). AOL, by 1999, had a market capitalization of $222 billion, and it bought Time Warner with its massive IP content and cable networks (Sherman & Petrova, 2019). However, by 2015, Verizon bought AOL for $4.4 billion, a significant markdown of the former high flyer (Sherman & Petrova, 2019). Wade (2012) discuss different driving forces, such as the PEST model: political, economic, societal, and technical, that may significantly change the organization's trajectory. In the case of AOL, it ran into all four. By the late 90s, even though AOL had been the predominant ISP, technological changes were in the form of high-speed internet access (Sherman & Petrova, 2019). AOL’s merger with Time Warner gave ...